Square with adjustable heads



(No Model.)l

,-E. L. DEANE. SQUAEE WEEE ADJUSTABLE HEAD.

Patented Apr'. 12,' 1892.

UNI-TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EZRA L. DEANE, OF HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSETTS.

SQUARE WITH ADJUSTABLE HEADS.

SPECIFICATION forming part 0f Letters Patent N0. 472,525, dated April 12, 1892.

Application tiled May 18, 1891. Serial No. 393,135. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may oon/cern.-

Be it known thatvl, EZRA L. DEANE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Holyoke, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Squares with Adjustable Heads, of which the following is a specifica' tion.

This invention relates to improvements in squares having adjustable heads, certain features of the invention being particularly applicable for T-squares, although, as will hereinafter appear, they areavailable for other forms of squares.

One object of the invention is toprovide in a T-square adjustable means or devices on or relative to the head and blade, whereby the blade may be with great minuteness moved relative to the head, so as to line up or correspond with work or drawings which may be on different boards and when moved or adjusted to be held with certainty.

Another object of the invention is to provide a locking device for holding the blade in position relative to the head when set, which is most simple,`convenient, and efiicient.

The invention consists in the construction and combination or arrangements of parts, all substantially as will hereinafter more fully appear, and be set forth in the claims.

In the drawings constructions embodying the present improvement are illustrated, and Figure 1 is a plan or face view of the T-square, Fig. 2 being a section across the head and along the blade, taken on line 2 2, Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively perspective views of the head and of the portion of the blade which is connected to the head with novel appliances thereon. Fig. 5 is a perspective view, on a larger scale, of adjustable index devices to be hereinafter more particularly mentioned.

In the drawings the head A comprises two members formed by the outer bar ct and the inner bar h. The outer bar is widened at an intermediate portion thereof, and within its upper si e toward the inner straight-edge 10 thereof the said bar is provided with a recess or depression d, said recess diverging or widening toward said edge 10, as more accurately indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. An arc-formed channel or recess f is provided in the said bar a on its upper face practically concentrically with the said recess d. The inner bar d is rabbeted or recessed at its upper side, as at 12, and'has set and secured therein the lug g, which extends outwardly at right angles from the said barh to lie within the depression d of the other bar, being pivotally confined in such relation, so that the bar b maybe tilted or swung slightly with relation to the bar a and so that it may be maintained exactly parallel therewith or slightly out of parallelism. The opposite edges of the depression d have a greater convergence or separation than the Width of thelug g, so that the stated movements of the lug and the bar h, which is as one therewith, may not be impeded with relation to the outer bar.

h represents a protractor, the same being` comprised in the segment of a ring, which is secured, as at 14, upon the inner bar h, and the parti-circular protractor is concentric with the pivotal connection between said lug g and the outer bar and lies Within the depression f of the outer bar. An engagement or confinement is had between end portions of the said bars a and h of the compound head, which engagement is susceptible ofadjustment, so that the inner bar h may be held in parallelism with the other one a or forced slightly out of parallelism therewith and any appropriate form of adjustable and operating screw or device may be utilized at this connection, such device specifically forming no part of this invention; but the one shown is an efficient one, the same consisting of the screw 15, hung upon the end portion of the inner bar h and extended laterally through the separated lugs 16 16 on the bar a, the nut 17, engaging the screw 15, being held against endwise movement relative to the latter by the said separated lugs. 1S is a check-nut. The blade or tongue B of the T-square, which is connected to and supported upon the outer bar a of the head, has no engagement with the inner bar h, and where the protractor is employed in connection with a swiveling blade a suitable pivotal engagement of the blade with the part a of the head carrying it must be employed, and one which is capable of being locked or set to hold the blade fixed,

and in the illustrations accompanying improvements pertaining to devices of this na- IOO ture are shown, and Z, Fig. 2, represents a tubular stud internally screwthreaded, which passes through the bare from the under side thereof and through the lugt, projected from the inner bar, and also with an opening 18 in the blade. The bar a is preferably provided with a bushing of metal, as indicated atj, Fig. 2, at the opening through which the stud Z passes. mrepresents a threaded spindle or screw, which passes through the opening 1S in the blade and with an engagement into the internally-threaded stud l, and said screw-spindle has a bifurcated and camended lever n, and overlying the face of the blade for a suitable or practical area is a clamp-plate o, upon the top of which the camformed end of the lever a impinges when the lever is downwardly swung. A washer 2O is preferably provided to surround the stud Z and tolie between the blade B and the lug d. The lower end of the tubular stud Z is provided with a knurled enlargement l', whereby it may be turned, the shoulder Z2inside of the head resting on the outer face of the bushing '7'. The screw-spindle m, with the cam-lever n, having been turned down, so that the face of the cam 'nis in nearly the desired working proximity with the face of the clamp-plate 0, the degree of compression or bind of the cam may be nicely regulated by the turning of the stud Z without rotating the screw-spindle. Of course this may also be insured by turning the cam-lever a and spindle m, the stud then being regarded as a non-rotable part; but in this case the radial direction of the cam-lever n. would be variable, and it is preferred to have it range in the direction of the length of theblade. Theprovision and arrangement of the stud l further afford convenient means of constituting the connection between the parts, substantially as set forth.

The purpose and advantage ofthe improved square will proba-bly be more apparent on an explanation of an example of the use and ope ation thereof, and it will be assumed, forinstance, that the T-square has been used in drawing upon a drawing-board which is absolutely true,the inner edge l0 of bar a being exactly parallel with the inner edge 1l ofthe bar Z), which latter constitutes the working edge of the head, and that for right-angled work the edge of the blade is at right angles to said inner edge ll, and the pointer or index, which is indicated at q, (and which is longitudinally aligned with blade,) registers with 0 or the proper indication'on the protractor to denote the right-angled relations of the parts, and then assuming that the T-square is to be used on work laid out or to be laid out on paper secured on another drawingboard, which is more or less-say a degree and a half-out of true, (it being a fact, especially well known to draftsmen, that it is not practically a possibility to maintain severai d rawin g-boards in uniformity for any eonsiderable length of time.) Therefore, for the change to work secured on the second drawing-board the working edge ll of inner bar l) is placed against the edge ofthe drawingboard, when the nut 17 is turned sulliciently to force the bar h out of parallelism with the bar a (on which bar a the blade is then assumed to be immovably held) to compensate for the one and one-half degrees discrepency between the linesof the two mounted drawings. Of course this operation involves the corresponding movement of the protractor as one with the bar I), the protractor having a movement relative to and independent of the bar a and of the blade, and the protractorgraduation indicating the right angle of course will then be out of coincidence with the index q to the extent of a degree and a half. In order to compensate for the discrepancy thus created, the index q is capable of adjustment l'or a lateral deflection from the longitudinal line ofthe blade, and is therefore mounted on the blade as follows: s represents-a footplatc on the blade, on which theindex-finger q is pivoted at 25 for a lateral swinging movement. The inner end of the intermediatelypivoted linger q projects between ear-pieces 30 30 of the foot-plate and is borne upon by the screws 32 32, having an engagement through such ear-pieces. On loosening one screw and turning in the other a minute or micrometer adjustment of the protractor-index may be insured. Of course the parts of the T-square having been once sctor adjusted for the particular work at hand, the bladeswivel and protractor-indicator are utilized as ordinarily.

lVhat I claim as my invention isl. In a T-square, in combination, a head consisting of an outer bar and an inner bar and a lug rigidly fixed upon the inner bar and extended laterally therefrom upon the outer bar, and the blade overlying both bars, and a stud passed through the blade, the said lug, and the outer bar for constituting a pivotal connection, whereby all the said parts may move relatively to each other about the axis of the stud, and a means for confining said parts in their adj usted relations, substantially as described.

2. In a T-square, a compound head consisting of two bars, the one pivotally connected on the other, whereby it may range parallel therewith or be .swung more or less angular thereto, a device for swinging the one bar with relation to the other and confining same, the blade mounted on the one of said bars and adapted to be fixed thereon, and a protractor secured on the other bar and movable as one therewith independently of the baron which the blade is secured, and an index which is adjustable on the blade laterally with relation to the length of the blade and adapted to register with the protractor, for the purposes set forth.

3. In a square wherein one member is pivotally and angularly mounted on the other, a spindle or post supported on and engaged with the one member and projected through IOC the other, and a cam pivoted on the spindle and adapted to be swung thereon to eect a compression between the said members, in the manner set forth.

4. In a T-square, a head therefor consist- 'ing of an outer bar and an inner bar and a lug extended from the inner bar acrossa portion of the outer'bar, and a stud or pivot member engaging with said outer bar and said lug, a protractor secured upon the inner bar and overlying the outer bar concentric with said stud or pivot, a device for effecting the swinging of the one bar relative to the other, and the blade connected on the outer bar of the head, substantially asand for the purposes setforth.

5. .In a T-square, a head consisting of two members or bars, an inner and an outer one, arranged substantially as described, a lug secured upon the inner and projected across a portion of the outer bar, the blade, and a pivot or stud passing through the outer bar, the said lug, and the blade, and adjusting and confining devices applied with relation to the said bars of the head for moving the one bar upon the other, for the purposes set forth.

6. In a T-square, the combination, with the outer bar provided with the depression d, the inner bar provided with the lug secured t-hereon and extended across the portion of the outer bar to lie within said depression below the face of the bar and adapted to have a play between the edges of said depression, the blade, and the pivot and confining-stud passing through same, said lug, and said outer bar, substantially as set forth.

7. In a T-square, the head consisting of an outer bar provided with the depressiond and the arc-formed depression f, the inner bar provided with the lug secured thereon and extended across a portion of the outer bar to lie within said depression below the face of the bar and adapted to have a play between the edges of said depression, the protractor comprising the segment of a ring secured upon the inner bar and extended therefrom to lie within the arc-formed depression of the outer bar, the blade and pivot member passing through said lug and the outer member of the head, and a device on the blade adapted to register with the graduations of the protractor, for the purposes set forth.

8. In a swivel-square, the combination, with one member apertured and having a tubular stud Z, which is internally threaded and passed therethrough, of the other apertured square member and the screw-spindle m, passed through the latter member and with an engagement into said stud and having the camended lever pivotally mounted thereon, and the clamp-plate 0, surrounding said spindle, all arranged for operation substantially as set forth.

9. In a Tsquare,in combination, the bar a, having the recess d and the arc recess f, the bar h, having the lug g and the protractor h, and the adjusting and conining screw devices between said bars a and t, the blade passed loosely across the bar b and upon the face of bar a, the stud Z, passing through bar b, said lug, and the blade, the screw-spindle m and the cam-lever thereon, and the clampplate 0, and the index laterally adjustable on the blade, all arranged for operation substantially as described.

10. In a T-square, in combination, the head comprising the bars a and Z2, connected and adapted for movement substantially as d'escribed, and the latter having the protractor secured thereupon and projected to overlie and move relative to the bar a, the blade adapted to be xed upon the bar a and having the adjustable' index thereon, the samel consisting of the vpivoted nger q, the earpieces 30 30, and the adjusting-screws, substantially as described.

EZRA' L. DEANE.

Witnesses:

WM. S. BELLoWs, T. T. DENEEN. 

